TransformStream

Note: This feature is available in Web Workers.

The TransformStream interface of the Streams API represents a concrete implementation of the pipe chain transform stream concept.

It may be passed to the ReadableStream.pipeThrough() method in order to transform a stream of data from one format into another. For example, it might be used to decode (or encode) video frames, decompress data, or convert the stream from XML to JSON.

A transformation algorithm may be provided as an optional argument to the object constructor. If not supplied, data is not modified when piped through the stream.

TransformStream is a transferable object.

Constructor

TransformStream(): Creates and returns a transform stream object, optionally specifying a transformation object and queuing strategies for the streams.

Instance properties

TransformStream.readable Read only: The readable end of a TransformStream.
TransformStream.writable Read only: The writable end of a TransformStream.

Instance methods

None

Examples

Anything-to-uint8array stream

In the following example, a transform stream passes through all chunks it receives as Uint8Array values.

const transformContent = {
  start() {}, // required.
  async transform(chunk, controller) {
    chunk = await chunk;
    switch (typeof chunk) {
      case "object":
        // just say the stream is done I guess
        if (chunk === null) {
          controller.terminate();
        } else if (ArrayBuffer.isView(chunk)) {
          controller.enqueue(
            new Uint8Array(chunk.buffer, chunk.byteOffset, chunk.byteLength),
          );
        } else if (
          Array.isArray(chunk) &&
          chunk.every((value) => typeof value === "number")
        ) {
          controller.enqueue(new Uint8Array(chunk));
        } else if (
          typeof chunk.valueOf === "function" &&
          chunk.valueOf() !== chunk
        ) {
          this.transform(chunk.valueOf(), controller); // hack
        } else if ("toJSON" in chunk) {
          this.transform(JSON.stringify(chunk), controller);
        }
        break;
      case "symbol":
        controller.error("Cannot send a symbol as a chunk part");
        break;
      case "undefined":
        controller.error("Cannot send undefined as a chunk part");
        break;
      default:
        controller.enqueue(this.textencoder.encode(String(chunk)));
        break;
    }
  },
  flush() {
    /* do any destructor work here */
  },
};

class AnyToU8Stream extends TransformStream {
  constructor() {
    super({ ...transformContent, textencoder: new TextEncoder() });
  }
}

Polyfilling TextEncoderStream and TextDecoderStream

Note that this is deprecated by the native constructors. This is intended as a polyfill for unsupported platforms.

const tes = {
  start() {
    this.encoder = new TextEncoder();
  },
  transform(chunk, controller) {
    controller.enqueue(this.encoder.encode(chunk));
  },
};

let _jstes_wm = new WeakMap(); /* info holder */
class JSTextEncoderStream extends TransformStream {
  constructor() {
    let t = { ...tes };

    super(t);
    _jstes_wm.set(this, t);
  }
  get encoding() {
    return _jstes_wm.get(this).encoder.encoding;
  }
}

Similarly, TextDecoderStream can be written as such:

const tds = {
  start() {
    this.decoder = new TextDecoder(this.encoding, this.options);
  },
  transform(chunk, controller) {
    controller.enqueue(this.decoder.decode(chunk, { stream: true }));
  },
};

let _jstds_wm = new WeakMap(); /* info holder */
class JSTextDecoderStream extends TransformStream {
  constructor(encoding = "utf-8", { ...options } = {}) {
    let t = { ...tds, encoding, options };

    super(t);
    _jstds_wm.set(this, t);
  }
  get encoding() {
    return _jstds_wm.get(this).decoder.encoding;
  }
  get fatal() {
    return _jstds_wm.get(this).decoder.fatal;
  }
  get ignoreBOM() {
    return _jstds_wm.get(this).decoder.ignoreBOM;
  }
}

Chaining multiple ReadableStreams together

This is a useful one, where multiple streams can be conjoined. Examples include building a PWA with progressive loading and progressive streaming.

let responses = [
  /* conjoined response tree */
];
let { readable, writable } = new TransformStream();

responses.reduce(
  (a, res, i, arr) =>
    a.then(() => res.pipeTo(writable, { preventClose: i + 1 !== arr.length })),
  Promise.resolve(),
);

Note that this is not resilient to other influences.

Specifications

Specification
Streams Standard # ts-class

Browser compatibility

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