构造函数

constructor() { /* … */ }
constructor(argument0) { /* … */ }
constructor(argument0, argument1) { /* … */ }
constructor(argument0, argument1, /* …, */ argumentN) { /* … */ }

class Person {
  constructor(name) {
    this.name = name;
  }

  introduce() {
    console.log(`Hello, my name is ${this.name}`);
  }
}

const otto = new Person("Otto");

otto.introduce(); // Hello, my name is Otto

constructor() {}

constructor(...args) {
  super(...args);
}

class ValidationError extends Error {
  printCustomerMessage() {
    return `Validation failed :-( (details: ${this.message})`;
  }
}

try {
  throw new ValidationError("Not a valid phone number");
} catch (error) {
  if (error instanceof ValidationError) {
    console.log(error.name); // This is Error instead of ValidationError!
    console.log(error.printCustomerMessage());
  } else {
    console.log("Unknown error", error);
    throw error;
  }
}

class ValidationError extends Error {
  constructor(message) {
    super(message); // call parent class constructor
    this.name = "ValidationError";
    this.code = "42";
  }

  printCustomerMessage() {
    return `Validation failed :-( (details: ${this.message}, code: ${this.code})`;
  }
}

try {
  throw new ValidationError("Not a valid phone number");
} catch (error) {
  if (error instanceof ValidationError) {
    console.log(error.name); // Now this is ValidationError!
    console.log(error.printCustomerMessage());
  } else {
    console.log("Unknown error", error);
    throw error;
  }
}

new (class C extends class B {
  constructor() {
    console.log(this.foo());
  }
} {
  #a = 1;
  foo() {
    return this.#a; // TypeError: Cannot read private member #a from an object whose class did not declare it
    // It's not really because the class didn't declare it,
    // but because the private field isn't initialized yet
    // when the superclass constructor is running
  }
})();

class ParentClass {
  constructor() {
    return 1;
  }
}

console.log(new ParentClass()); // ParentClass {}
// The return value is ignored because it's not an object
// This is consistent with function constructors

class ChildClass extends ParentClass {
  constructor() {
    return 1;
  }
}

console.log(new ChildClass()); // TypeError: Derived constructors may only return object or undefined

class Person {
  constructor(name = "Anonymous") {
    this.name = name;
  }
  introduce() {
    console.log(`Hello, my name is ${this.name}`);
  }
}

const person = new Person();
person.introduce(); // Hello, my name is Anonymous

class Foo {
  // This is a computed property. It will not be picked up as a constructor.
  ["constructor"]() {
    console.log("called");
    this.a = 1;
  }
}

const foo = new Foo(); // No log
console.log(foo); // Foo {}
foo.constructor(); // Logs "called"
console.log(foo); // Foo { a: 1 }

class Square extends Polygon {
  constructor(length) {
    // Here, it calls the parent class' constructor with lengths
    // provided for the Polygon's width and height
    super(length, length);
    // NOTE: In derived classes, `super()` must be called before you
    // can use `this`. Leaving this out will cause a ReferenceError.
    this.name = "Square";
  }

  get area() {
    return this.height * this.width;
  }

  set area(value) {
    this.height = value ** 0.5;
    this.width = value ** 0.5;
  }
}

class Polygon {
  constructor() {
    this.name = "Polygon";
  }
}

class Rectangle {
  constructor() {
    this.name = "Rectangle";
  }
}

class Square extends Polygon {
  constructor() {
    super();
  }
}

// Make Square extend Rectangle (which is a base class) instead of Polygon
Object.setPrototypeOf(Square, Rectangle);

const newInstance = new Square();

// newInstance is still an instance of Polygon, because we didn't
// change the prototype of Square.prototype, so the prototype chain
// of newInstance is still
//   newInstance --> Square.prototype --> Polygon.prototype
console.log(newInstance instanceof Polygon); // true
console.log(newInstance instanceof Rectangle); // false

// However, because super() calls Rectangle as constructor, the name property
// of newInstance is initialized with the logic in Rectangle
console.log(newInstance.name); // Rectangle