加法(+)

加法 (+) 运算符生成数字操作数或字符串连接的总和。

¥The addition (+) operator produces the sum of numeric operands or string concatenation.

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语法

¥Syntax

js
x + y

描述

¥Description

+ 运算符针对两个不同的操作进行了重载:数字加法和字符串连接。评估时,先 将两个操作数强制为原语。然后,测试两个操作数的类型:

¥The + operator is overloaded for two distinct operations: numeric addition and string concatenation. When evaluating, it first coerces both operands to primitives. Then, the two operands' types are tested:

  • 如果一侧是字符串,则另一个操作数也是 转换为字符串,并且它们被连接起来。
  • 如果都是 BigInts,则进行 BigInt 加法。如果一侧是 BigInt 而另一侧不是,则抛出 TypeError
  • 否则两边都是 转换为数字,进行数字相加。

字符串连接通常被认为与 模板文字String.prototype.concat() 等效,但事实并非如此。加法将表达式强制为原语,优先调用 valueOf();另一方面,模板文字和 concat() 将表达式强制转换为字符串,该字符串优先调用 toString()。如果表达式有 [Symbol.toPrimitive]() 方法,则字符串连接会使用 "default" 作为提示来调用它,而模板文字则使用 "string"。这对于具有不同字符串和原始表示形式的对象非常重要,例如 ,其 valueOf() 方法会抛出异常。

¥String concatenation is often thought to be equivalent with template literals or String.prototype.concat(), but they are not. Addition coerces the expression to a primitive, which calls valueOf() in priority; on the other hand, template literals and concat() coerce the expression to a string, which calls toString() in priority. If the expression has a [Symbol.toPrimitive]() method, string concatenation calls it with "default" as hint, while template literals use "string". This is important for objects that have different string and primitive representations — such as Temporal, whose valueOf() method throws.

js
const t = Temporal.Now.instant();
"" + t; // Throws TypeError
`${t}`; // '2022-07-31T04:48:56.113918308Z'
"".concat(t); // '2022-07-31T04:48:56.113918308Z'

建议你不要使用 "" + x 来执行 字符串强制

¥You are advised to not use "" + x to perform string coercion.

示例

¥Examples

使用数字进行加法

¥Addition using numbers

js
1 + 2; // 3

其他非字符串、非 BigInt 值被强制转换为数字:

¥Other non-string, non-BigInt values are coerced to numbers:

js
true + 1; // 2
false + false; // 0

使用 BigInts 进行加法

¥Addion using BigInts

js
1n + 2n; // 3n

你不能将 BigInt 和数字操作数混合在一起。

¥You cannot mix BigInt and number operands in addition.

js
1n + 2; // TypeError: Cannot mix BigInt and other types, use explicit conversions
2 + 1n; // TypeError: Cannot mix BigInt and other types, use explicit conversions
"1" + 2n; // TypeError: Cannot mix BigInt and other types, use explicit conversions

要使用 BigInt 和非 BigInt 进行加法,请转换任一操作数:

¥To do addition with a BigInt and a non-BigInt, convert either operand:

js
1n + BigInt(2); // 3n
Number(1n) + 2; // 3

使用字符串进行加法

¥Addition using strings

如果其中一个操作数是字符串,则另一个操作数将转换为字符串并将它们连接起来:

¥If one of the operands is a string, the other is converted to a string and they are concatenated:

js
"foo" + "bar"; // "foobar"
5 + "foo"; // "5foo"
"foo" + false; // "foofalse"
"2" + 2; // "22"

规范

Specification
ECMAScript Language Specification
# sec-addition-operator-plus

¥Specifications

浏览器兼容性

BCD tables only load in the browser

¥Browser compatibility

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