class
Baseline Widely available
This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since March 2017.
class
声明为给定名称创建新 class 的 binding。
¥The class
declaration creates a binding of a new class to a given name.
你还可以使用 class
表达。
¥You can also define classes using the class
expression.
Try it
语法
描述
¥Description
类声明的类体在 严格模式 中执行。class
声明与 let
非常相似:
¥The class body of a class declaration is executed in strict mode. The class
declaration is very similar to let
:
class
声明的作用域为块和函数。class
声明只能在到达声明位置后才能访问(参见 颞死区)。因此,class
声明通常被视为 non-hoisted(与 函数声明 不同)。- 当在脚本的顶层声明时,
class
声明不会在globalThis
上创建属性(与 函数声明 不同)。 class
声明不能被同一范围内的任何其他声明成为 redeclared。
在类体之外,可以像 let
一样重新分配 class
声明,但应避免这样做。在类体内,绑定像 const
一样是常量。
¥Outside the class body, class
declarations can be re-assigned like let
, but you should avoid doing so. Within the class body, the binding is constant like const
.
class Foo {
static {
Foo = 1; // TypeError: Assignment to constant variable.
}
}
class Foo2 {
bar = (Foo2 = 1); // TypeError: Assignment to constant variable.
}
class Foo3 {}
Foo3 = 1;
console.log(Foo3); // 1
示例
一个简单的类声明
¥A simple class declaration
在下面的示例中,我们首先定义一个名为 Rectangle
的类,然后扩展它以创建一个名为 FilledRectangle
的类。
¥In the following example, we first define a class named Rectangle
, then extend it to create a class named FilledRectangle
.
注意,在 constructor
中使用的 super()
只能在构造函数中使用,并且必须在使用 this
关键字之前调用。
¥Note that super()
, used in the constructor
, can only be used in constructors, and must be called before the this
keyword can be used.
class Rectangle {
constructor(height, width) {
this.name = "Rectangle";
this.height = height;
this.width = width;
}
}
class FilledRectangle extends Rectangle {
constructor(height, width, color) {
super(height, width);
this.name = "Filled rectangle";
this.color = color;
}
}
规范
Specification |
---|
ECMAScript Language Specification # sec-class-definitions |
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