class
Baseline Widely available
This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since March 2017.
class 声明为给定名称创建新 class 的 binding。
¥The class declaration creates a binding of a new class to a given name.
你还可以使用 class 表达。
¥You can also define classes using the class expression.
Try it
语法
描述
¥Description
类声明的类体在 严格模式 中执行。class 声明与 let 非常相似:
¥The class body of a class declaration is executed in strict mode. The class declaration is very similar to let:
- class声明的作用域为块和函数。
- class声明只能在到达声明位置后才能访问(参见 颞死区)。因此,- class声明通常被视为 non-hoisted(与 函数声明 不同)。
- 当在脚本的顶层声明时,class声明不会在globalThis上创建属性(与 函数声明 不同)。
- class声明不能被同一范围内的任何其他声明成为 redeclared。
在类体之外,可以像 let 一样重新分配 class 声明,但应避免这样做。在类体内,绑定像 const 一样是常量。
¥Outside the class body, class declarations can be re-assigned like let, but you should avoid doing so. Within the class body, the binding is constant like const.
class Foo {
  static {
    Foo = 1; // TypeError: Assignment to constant variable.
  }
}
class Foo2 {
  bar = (Foo2 = 1); // TypeError: Assignment to constant variable.
}
class Foo3 {}
Foo3 = 1;
console.log(Foo3); // 1
示例
一个简单的类声明
¥A simple class declaration
在下面的示例中,我们首先定义一个名为 Rectangle 的类,然后扩展它以创建一个名为 FilledRectangle 的类。
¥In the following example, we first define a class named Rectangle, then extend it to create a class named FilledRectangle.
注意,在 constructor 中使用的 super() 只能在构造函数中使用,并且必须在使用 this 关键字之前调用。
¥Note that super(), used in the constructor, can only be used in constructors, and must be called before the this keyword can be used.
class Rectangle {
  constructor(height, width) {
    this.name = "Rectangle";
    this.height = height;
    this.width = width;
  }
}
class FilledRectangle extends Rectangle {
  constructor(height, width, color) {
    super(height, width);
    this.name = "Filled rectangle";
    this.color = color;
  }
}
规范
| Specification | 
|---|
| ECMAScript Language Specification # sec-class-definitions | 
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