:scope

The :scope CSS pseudo-class represents elements that are a reference point, or scope, for selectors to match against.

css
/* Selects a scoped element */
:scope {
  background-color: lime;
}

Which element(s) :scope matches depends on the context in which it is used:

  • When used at the root level of a stylesheet, :scope is equivalent to :root, which in a regular HTML document matches the <html> element.
  • When used inside a @scope block, :scope matches the block's defined scope root. It provides a way to apply styles to the root of the scope from inside the @scope block itself.
  • When used within a DOM API call — such as querySelector(), querySelectorAll(), matches(), or Element.closest() — :scope matches the element on which the method was called.

Syntax

css
:scope {
  /* ... */
}

Examples

Using :scope as an alternative to :root

This example shows that :scope is equivalent to :root when used at the root level of a stylesheet. In this case, the provided CSS colors the background of the <html> element orange.

HTML

html
<html></html>

CSS

css
:scope {
  background-color: orange;
}

Result

Using :scope to style the scope root in a @scope block

In this example, we use two separate @scope blocks to match links inside elements with a .light-scheme and .dark-scheme class respectively. Note how :scope is used to select and provide styling to the scope roots themselves. In this example, the scope roots are the <div> elements that have the classes applied to them.

HTML

html
<div class="light-scheme">
  <p>
    MDN contains lots of information about
    <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML">HTML</a>,
    <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS">CSS</a>, and
    <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript">JavaScript</a>.
  </p>
</div>

<div class="dark-scheme">
  <p>
    MDN contains lots of information about
    <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML">HTML</a>,
    <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS">CSS</a>, and
    <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript">JavaScript</a>.
  </p>
</div>

CSS

css
@scope (.light-scheme) {
  :scope {
    background-color: plum;
  }

  a {
    color: darkmagenta;
  }
}

@scope (.dark-scheme) {
  :scope {
    background-color: darkmagenta;
    color: antiquewhite;
  }

  a {
    color: plum;
  }
}

Result

Using :scope in JavaScript

This example demonstrates using the :scope pseudo-class in JavaScript. This can be useful if you need to get a direct descendant of an already retrieved Element.

HTML

html
<div id="context">
  <div id="element-1">
    <div id="element-1.1"></div>
    <div id="element-1.2"></div>
  </div>
  <div id="element-2">
    <div id="element-2.1"></div>
  </div>
</div>
<p>
  Selected element ids :
  <span id="results"></span>
</p>

JavaScript

js
const context = document.getElementById("context");
const selected = context.querySelectorAll(":scope > div");

document.getElementById("results").innerHTML = Array.prototype.map
  .call(selected, (element) => `#${element.getAttribute("id")}`)
  .join(", ");

Result

The scope of context is the element with the id of context. The selected elements are the <div> elements that are direct children of that context — element-1 and element-2 — but not their descendants.

Specifications

Specification
Selectors Level 4
# the-scope-pseudo

Browser compatibility

BCD tables only load in the browser

See also