text-overflow

The text-overflow CSS property sets how hidden overflow content is signaled to users. It can be clipped, display an ellipsis ('…'), or display a custom string.

Try it

The text-overflow property doesn't force an overflow to occur. To make text overflow its container, you have to set other CSS properties: overflow and white-space. For example:

css

overflow: hidden;
white-space: nowrap;

The text-overflow property only affects content that is overflowing a block container element in its inline progression direction (not text overflowing at the bottom of a box, for example).

Syntax

css

text-overflow: clip;
text-overflow: ellipsis ellipsis;
text-overflow: ellipsis " [..]";

/* Global values */
text-overflow: inherit;
text-overflow: initial;
text-overflow: revert;
text-overflow: revert-layer;
text-overflow: unset;

The text-overflow property may be specified using one or two values. If one value is given, it specifies overflow behavior for the end of the line (the right end for left-to-right text, the left end for right-to-left text). If two values are given, the first specifies overflow behavior for the left end of the line, and the second specifies it for the right end of the line. The property accepts either a keyword value (clip or ellipsis) or a <string> value.

Values

clip: The default for this property. This keyword value will truncate the text at the limit of the content area, therefore the truncation can happen in the middle of a character. To clip at the transition between characters you can specify text-overflow as an empty string, if that is supported in your target browsers: text-overflow: '';.
ellipsis: This keyword value will display an ellipsis ('…', U+2026 HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS) to represent clipped text. The ellipsis is displayed inside the content area, decreasing the amount of text displayed. If there is not enough space to display the ellipsis, it is clipped.
<string>: The <string> to be used to represent clipped text. The string is displayed inside the content area, shortening the size of the displayed text. If there is not enough space to display the string itself, it is clipped.

Formal definition

Initial value	`clip`
Applies to	block container elements
Inherited	no
Computed value	as specified
Animation type	discrete

Formal syntax

text-overflow = 
  clip      |
  ellipsis

Examples

One-value syntax

This example shows different values for text-overflow applied to a paragraph, for left-to-right and right-to-left text.

HTML

html

<div class="ltr">
  <h2>Left to right text</h2>
  <pre>clip</pre>
  <p class="overflow-clip">
    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.
  </p>
  <pre>ellipsis</pre>
  <p class="overflow-ellipsis">
    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.
  </p>
  <pre>" [..]"</pre>
  <p class="overflow-string">
    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.
  </p>
</div>

<div class="rtl">
  <h2>Right to left text</h2>
  <pre>clip</pre>
  <p class="overflow-clip">
    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.
  </p>
  <pre>ellipsis</pre>
  <p class="overflow-ellipsis">
    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.
  </p>
  <pre>" [..]"</pre>
  <p class="overflow-string">
    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.
  </p>
</div>

CSS

css

p {
  width: 200px;
  border: 1px solid;
  padding: 2px 5px;

  /* Both of the following are required for text-overflow */
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.overflow-clip {
  text-overflow: clip;
}

.overflow-ellipsis {
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

.overflow-string {
  text-overflow: " [..]";
}

body {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-around;
}

.ltr > p {
  direction: ltr;
}

.rtl > p {
  direction: rtl;
}

Result

Two-value syntax

This example shows the two-value syntax for text-overflow, where you can define different overflow behavior for the start and end of the text. To show the effect we have to scroll the line so the start of the line is also hidden.

HTML

html

<pre>clip clip</pre>
<p class="overflow-clip-clip">
  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.
</p>
<pre>clip ellipsis</pre>
<p class="overflow-clip-ellipsis">
  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.
</p>
<pre>ellipsis ellipsis</pre>
<p class="overflow-ellipsis-ellipsis">
  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.
</p>
<pre>ellipsis " [..]"</pre>
<p class="overflow-ellipsis-string">
  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.
</p>

CSS

css

p {
  width: 200px;
  border: 1px solid;
  padding: 2px 5px;

  /* Both of the following are required for text-overflow */
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: scroll;
}

.overflow-clip-clip {
  text-overflow: clip clip;
}

.overflow-clip-ellipsis {
  text-overflow: clip ellipsis;
}

.overflow-ellipsis-ellipsis {
  text-overflow: ellipsis ellipsis;
}

.overflow-ellipsis-string {
  text-overflow: ellipsis " [..]";
}

JavaScript

// Scroll each paragraph so the start is also hidden
const paras = document.querySelectorAll("p");

for (const para of paras) {
  para.scroll(100, 0);
}

Result

Specifications

Specification
CSS Overflow Module Level 3 # text-overflow

A previous version of this interface reached the Candidate Recommendation status. As some not-listed-at-risk features needed to be removed, the spec was demoted to the Working Draft level, explaining why browsers implemented this property unprefixed, though not at the CR state.

Browser compatibility

BCD tables only load in the browser