white-space

The white-space CSS property sets how white space inside an element is handled.

Try it

The property specifies two things:

Whether and how white space is collapsed.
Whether and how lines wrap.

Note: To make words break within themselves, use overflow-wrap, word-break, or hyphens instead.

Syntax

css

/* Single keyword values */
white-space: normal;
white-space: nowrap;
white-space: pre;
white-space: pre-wrap;
white-space: pre-line;
white-space: break-spaces;

/* white-space-collapse and text-wrap shorthand values */
white-space: collapse balance;
white-space: preserve nowrap;

/* Global values */
white-space: inherit;
white-space: initial;
white-space: revert;
white-space: revert-layer;
white-space: unset;

white-space property values can be specified as a single keyword chosen from the list of values below, or two values representing shorthand for the white-space-collapse and text-wrap properties.

normal

Sequences of white space are collapsed. Newline characters in the source are handled the same as other white space. Lines are broken as necessary to fill line boxes.

nowrap

Collapses white space as for normal, but suppresses line breaks (text wrapping) within the source.

pre

Sequences of white space are preserved. Lines are only broken at newline characters in the source and at <br> elements.

pre-wrap

Sequences of white space are preserved. Lines are broken at newline characters, at <br>, and as necessary to fill line boxes.

pre-line

Sequences of white space are collapsed. Lines are broken at newline characters, at <br>, and as necessary to fill line boxes.

break-spaces

The behavior is identical to that of pre-wrap, except that:

Any sequence of preserved white space always takes up space, including at the end of the line.
A line-breaking opportunity exists after every preserved white space character, including between white space characters.
Such preserved spaces take up space and do not hang, thus affecting the box's intrinsic sizes (min-content size and max-content size).

The following table summarizes the behavior of the various white-space keyword values:

	New lines	Spaces and tabs	Text wrapping	End-of-line spaces	End-of-line other space separators
`normal`	Collapse	Collapse	Wrap	Remove	Hang
`nowrap`	Collapse	Collapse	No wrap	Remove	Hang
`pre`	Preserve	Preserve	No wrap	Preserve	No wrap
`pre-wrap`	Preserve	Preserve	Wrap	Hang	Hang
`pre-line`	Preserve	Collapse	Wrap	Remove	Hang
`break-spaces`	Preserve	Preserve	Wrap	Wrap	Wrap

Note: There is a distinction made between spaces and other space separators. These are defined as follows:

spaces: Spaces (U+0020), tabs (U+0009), and segment breaks (such as newlines).
other space separators: All other space separators defined in Unicode, other than those already defined as spaces.

Where white space is said to hang, this can affect the size of the box when measured for intrinsic sizing.

Collapsing of white space

The white-space-collapse property page explains the browser algorithm for collapsing white space.

Formal definition

Initial value	`normal`
Applies to	all elements
Inherited	yes
Computed value	as specified
Animation type	discrete

Formal syntax

white-space = 
  normal        |
  pre           |
  nowrap        |
  pre-wrap      |
  break-spaces  |
  pre-line

Examples

Basic example

css

code {
  white-space: pre;
}

Line breaks inside <pre> elements

css

pre {
  white-space: pre-wrap;
}

In action

<div id="css-code" class="box">
  p { white-space:
  <select>
    <option>normal</option>
    <option>nowrap</option>
    <option>pre</option>
    <option>pre-wrap</option>
    <option>pre-line</option>
    <option>break-spaces</option>
    <option>preserve nowrap</option>
  </select>
  }
</div>
<div id="results" class="box">
  <p>
    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat
    non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
  </p>
</div>

.box {
  width: 300px;
  padding: 16px;
}

#css-code {
  background-color: rgb(220 220 220);
  font-size: 16px;
  font-family: monospace;
}

#css-code select {
  font-family: inherit;
}

#results {
  background-color: rgb(230 230 230);
  overflow-x: scroll;
  white-space: normal;
  font-size: 14px;
}

const select = document.querySelector("#css-code select");
const results = document.querySelector("#results p");
select.addEventListener("change", (e) => {
  results.setAttribute("style", `white-space: ${e.target.value}`);
});

Multiple lines in SVG text element

The white-space CSS property can be used to create multiple lines in a <text> element, which does not wrap by default.

Note: At time of writing this feature has limited support.

HTML

The text inside the <text> element needs to be split into multiple lines for the new-lines to be detected. After the first line the rest need to have their whitespace removed.

html

<svg viewBox="0 0 320 150">
  <text y="20" x="10">Here is an English paragraph
that is broken into multiple lines
in the source code so that it can
be more easily read and edited
in a text editor.
  </text>
</svg>

CSS

css

text {
  white-space: break-spaces;
}

Result

Controlling line wrapping in tables

HTML

html

<table>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>Very long content that splits</td>
    <td class="nw">Very long content that don't split</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="nw">white-space:</td>
    <td>normal</td>
    <td>nowrap</td>
  </tr>
</table>

CSS

css

table {
  border-collapse: collapse;
  border: solid black 1px;
  width: 250px;
  height: 150px;
}
td {
  border: solid 1px black;
  text-align: center;
}
.nw {
  white-space: nowrap;
}

Result

Specifications

Specification
CSS Text Module Level 3 # white-space-property

Browser compatibility

BCD tables only load in the browser

white-space

Try it

Syntax

Values

Collapsing of white space

Formal definition

Formal syntax

Examples

Basic example

Line breaks inside <pre> elements

In action

Multiple lines in SVG text element

HTML

CSS

Result

Controlling line wrapping in tables

HTML

CSS

Result

Specifications

Browser compatibility

See also